Next-Generation Probiotics: health-promoting bacteria of the human gut

Abstract

In recent years, a vast number of human diseases have been correlated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. The development of modern methods in molecular microbiology, such as the culturomics approach, as well as various multi-omics methods like next generation sequencing, transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis, coupled with large data sets correlation analysis, enabled the cultivation and characterization of novel anaerobic hitherto uncultivated Next-Generation Probiotics. In addition, the results of host-microbe interactions studies helped to reveal the mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of Next-Generation Probiotics. Eventually, the obtained data on Next-Generation Probiotics will help to broaden the scientific knowledge on these bacteria, in terms of both their safety and health-promoting effects, unravel opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of tumors, metabolic, neuropsychiatric and other diseases, with the aim of relieving the symptoms of the diseases and increasing the quality of life for patients and their families. So far, the best characterized probiotics of the new generation are Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prauznitzii and Bacteroides fragilis.

Poslednjih godina se veliki broj patoloških stanja i bolesti dovodi u vezu sa disbiozom crevne mikrobiote i promenama u njenom funkcionisanju. Razvoj savremenih metoda molekularne mikrobiologije, uključujući kulturomiku i integrativne pristupe kao što su sekvenciranje sledeće generacije, transkriptomska analiza dualne RNK sekvence i analiza metabolomike, omogućio je identifikaciju, kultivaciju i karakterizaciju novih anaerobnih, do sada nekultivisanih probiotika, nazvanih probiotici sledeće generacije. Pored toga, rezultati in vitro i in vivostudija proučavanja interakcija domaćina sa mikrobiotom pomogli su u rasvetljavanju mehanizama delovanja probiotika sledeće generacije. Na kraju, dobijeni podaci o probioticima sledeće generacije pomoći će da se prošire naučna saznanja o ovim bakterijama, kako u pogledu njihove bezbednosti, tako i u pogledu njihovog uticaja na zdravlje, otvarajući mogućnost za nove terapijske pristupe u prevenciji i terapiji metaboličkih bolesti, tumora, neurodegenerativnih i psihijatrijskih bolesti i drugih bolesti, u cilju ublažavanja simptoma bolesti i poboljšanja kvaliteta života pacijenata i njihovih porodica. Do sada najbolje opisani probiotici sledeće generacije su Akkermansia muciniphila, Fecalibacterium prauznitzii i Bacteroides fragilis